l’madi 9bel l’madi — chno wa9e3 l’awwel
3lach had dars?
Kayji m3a ‘after / before / by the time’ w f reported speech.
- 9A3IDA — 7FED GHI HADI
- Formula: had + V3 (l’kolchi: I had, he had, they had)
- M3ana: l’action li sb9at action okhra f l’madi. (l’9dima = had + V3)
- After + had + V3 , past simple (madi: lbare7). || before + past simple , had + V3
- Mital: after he had eaten, he went out.
- Negative (nafi: not): hadn’t + V3. Soal: had you…?
- MITAL — CHOUF KIFACH KAYTKTEB When I arrived, he had already left. → melli wselt, howa deja mcha. She had finished before I came. → kmmlat 9bel ma nji. They had never seen snow before. → 3omrhom ma chafo tlj 9bel.
⚠ 3ANDAK! 1 action ghi past simple. Past perfect kayn ghi ila kan 2 actions f l’madi.
- TAMARINE — 7ELL B 9LEM
| 1. When we arrived, the film ____ (already / start). | 11. After the students ____ (write) the test, they went home. |
|---|---|
| 2. He ____ (eat) before he went out. | 12. We ____ (not / finish) when the Bell rang. |
| 3. After she ____ (finish) her work, she slept. | 13. She passed because she ____ (study) hard. |
| 4. I couldn’t enter because I ____ (lose) my key. | 14. When I woke up, it ____ (stop) raining. |
| 5. They ____ (not / meet) before that day. | 15. He said he ____ (buy) a new car. |
| 6. By the time I came, he ____ (leave). | 16. ____ you ____ (visit) Fes before last year? |
| 7. She told me she ____ (see) that film. | 17. The train ____ (leave) when we reached the station. |
| 8. The thief ____ (escape) before the police came. | 18. I ate the cake that my mother ____ (make). |
| 9. I ____ (never / be) abroad before 2020. | 19. They were hungry because they ____ (not / eat). |
| 10. He was tired because he ____ (work) all day. | 20. After he ____ (take) the medicine, he felt better. |