verbat l’imkan w l’wajib — n9der, khassni, mn l’a7san
3lach had dars?
Kaykhrej f language use w f functions. Sahel.
- 9A3IDA — 7FED GHI HADI
- Men be3d modal (verb l’imkan): verb (l’fi3l) 3ari (bla to, bla s, bla ed).
- Can = 9ader / momkin | could = 9dert (madi) + talab b l’adab
- Must = darori (mn 3ndi) | have to = darori (9anoun/barra) | mustn’t = 7ram/mamnou3
- Needn’t / don’t have to = machi darori (machi mamnou3!)
- Should / ought to = mn l’a7san (nasi7a) | shouldn’t = machi mzyan
- May / might = momkin (i7timal) | may = talab idn b l’adab
- Past: could / had to / should have + V3 (kan khassek…)
- MITAL — CHOUF KIFACH KAYTKTEB You must wear a helmet. → khassek tlbes casque. You mustn’t smoke here. → mamnou3 tkmi hna. You don’t have to come. → machi darori tji. You should revise every day. → mn l’a7san t3awed kol nhar. He should have studied. → kan khasso i9ra (w ma 9rach).
⚠ 3ANDAK! mustn’t (mamnou3) machi b7al don’t have to (machi darori). Had s’soal kaykhrej bezzaf!
- TAMARINE — 7ELL B 9LEM
| 1. You ____ (darori) respect your teachers. | 10. Students ____ (darori) wear a uniform at this school. |
|---|---|
| 2. She ____ (9adra) speak three languages. | 11. I ____ (kan khassni) revised more. Now I regret it. |
| 3. You ____ (mamnou3) use your phone in the exam. | 12. ____ you help me, please? |
| 4. It’s Sunday, you ____ (machi darori) get up early. | 13. He ____ (ma9darch) come because he was ill. (past) |
| 5. You ____ (nasi7a) see a doctor. | 14. You ____ (mamnou3) drive without a licence. |
| 6. ____ I open the window, please? | 15. We ____ (darori - 9anoun) pay taxes. |
| 7. When I was young, I ____ run fast. | 16. She ____ (momkin) be at home now. |
| 8. It ____ (momkin) rain tomorrow. | 17. You ____ (nasi7a) not sleep late before the exam. |
| 9. You ____ (machi mzyan) eat too much sugar. | 18. I ____ (9ader) swim very well. |